INTRODUCTION
Lung cancer can also be the most tragic cancer because could be avoided in most cases, 87% of cases caused by smoking. Lung cancer has long been the most common cause of cancer death in men and since 1987 has also the most common cause of cancer death in women. It is the second most common form of cancer that occurs in most Western countries, and the incidence of lung cancer is less common in developing countries, the rapid growththe popularity of smoking is the number of patients seen in the countries at a rapid pace with the West.
Lung cancer can occur in any part of the lung, and 90% -95% of all lung cancer cases are thought to arise from the epithelial, or lining cells of the airway larger and smaller (bronchi and bronchioles), for this reason, lung cancers are sometimes bronchogenic carcinoma or lung cancer called .
The most common types are squamous cell carcinoma, small cellCarcinoma, adenocarcinoma and large cell carcinoma.
Many experts agree that lung cancer caused by inhalation of carcinogenic pollutants by a susceptible host. Who is more sensitive? Every smoker over 40 years old, particularly if they started smoking before 15 years, smoked 20 or more for 20 years, or worked with asbestos or in the vicinity. Two other factors also increase susceptibility: exposure to carcinogenic industrial pollutants (asbestos, uranium, arsenic, nickel, ironOxides, chromium, radio active dust and coal dust.) Sensitivity and family.
Signs and symptoms
Since the early lung cancer usually no symptoms, the disease is often advanced when diagnosed first. Extended characters are: with squamous cell carcinoma and small, smokers cough, hoarseness, wheezing, dyspnea, hemoptysis and chest pain. With adenocarcinoma and large cell carcinoma, fever, weakness, weight loss, anorexia, and shoulder pain. Moreover, the hormoneRegulates the production of various body functions may be impaired.
DIAGNOSIS
Firm diagnosis requires chest x-ray, sputum, CT, bronchoscopy the examination of pleural fluid and biopsies. Other tests to detect metastasis are bone scans, bone marrow biopsy and CT scans of the brain and abdomen.
Metastases
The disease spreads most commonly to the liver, adrenal glands, bones and brain. The cancer that has metastasized to the bone causes bonePain, usually in the spine (vertebrae), femurs and ribs. The cancer that spreads to the brain can see difficulties with the cause and weakness on one side of the body.
Cancer can develop in some nerves in the neck that the hanging of an eyelid, small pupil, sunken eyes, reduced and sweat on one side of his face, all these symptoms as Horner's syndrome (see Autonomic Nervous System Disorders: Horner's syndrome) . It can directly grow into the esophagus, orcan it close and put pressure on them, which grow to difficulties in swallowing. It can also spread via the bloodstream to the liver, brain, adrenal glands, bones and spine.
TREATMENT
The treatment depends on the specific type of cancer, how far it has spread, and the performance status of the patient. If lung cancer studies to confirm CT scan, and often positron emission tomography (PET) are used to determine whether the disease is localized and probably need surgery or ifhas up to the point where it can not be cured surgically to spread. The treatment is usually a combination of surgery, chemotherapy and radiotherapy.
Surgery is usually the first option. Chemotherapy may be used as first-line treatment or as additional treatment after surgery. Radiation therapy may be to your cancer outside the body (external radiation) or internally directed pins can be set, seeds or catheters and placed in your body near the tumor (brachytherapy).Radiation therapy may be used alone or with other treatments are used by lung cancer. Radiation therapy can also be used to reduce side effects of lung cancer.
The treatment may not be effective for patients with bone metastases or liver cancer, lung cancer, weight loss, excessive use of cigarettes in the course, or existing diseases such as heart disease or emphysema. At some point, if you and your family doctor or oncologist, to accept that treatment is not advisable, hospiceComfort can offer.
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